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  • Completion of Inclines: Real estate speculators built these in 1870 and 1877, aiming to profit from untapped land atop 'Coal Hill'
  • Post-Civil War Housing Struggle: Existing homes in valleys and low-lying areas couldn't accommodate the surge of new residents
  • First Inclined Railroads: Mines' coal-hauling tech adapted, carrying people and goods, part of Allegheny Portage Railroad
  • Inclines' Integration: By 1900, these became essential to Pittsburgh's identity
  • Automobile Impact: Early 20th-century cars and trucks made hilltop access easier, reducing inclines' necessity